An Innovative Sewer Abandonment Solution

The series of pipes were up to 2.74m2 in cross-sectional area, meaning each metre of length could contain up to 2,740L in volume.
One way to do this was to excavate and remove the old sewers, however much of the pipes’ length lay 20m underground. The pipes also criss-crossed other subterranean infrastructure including gas mains, water mains and telecommunication cables. Plus, the pipework ran directly below a very busy road that could not be closed during the day. This meant excavation and removal was not a viable option.

Another method was to create plugs at various points and then pump concrete into the voids, but conventionally placed concrete is not very flowable over long distances and experiences shrinkage (decrease in volume) as it cures. This would potentially create a gap along the top of the fill, meaning the structural integrity and complete abandonment of the sewer pipework could not be guaranteed.

The project required a more effective solution, which is where Mainmark’s vast experience in below-ground utility abandonment came to the fore.

Mainmark is a renowned global leader in geotechnical and asset preservation solutions, specialising in foundation subsidence repairs. It’s proprietary cellular concrete material and technical expertise made it the preferred partner for this significant infrastructure project in Victoria.

Meeting the technical challenges

The scope of the project included filling the large sewer main below Bullen Road, as well as the filling of smaller reticulation sewer lines feeding into the mainline, including reticulation manholes.

Max Kudrenko, Mainmark’s Regional Manager (Southern Region), said accessing the pipework was very technically challenging. The concept was straightforward – fill a sewer with grout – but the methodology to get it in there, and be certain that it was full, was the hard part.

“We rolled out every night, six nights a week for about three months, precision-drilling small, 75-millimetre diameter holes directly down from the surface. These drills broke into the top of the sewer. Through those holes, we inserted PVC injection sleeves,” Mr Kudrenko said.

Terefil®, Mainmark’s proprietary solution of low-density cellular concrete, was injected into the abandoned sewer pipework.

Mr Kudrenko said that on site the crew utilised a specialty batching process.

“Conventional concrete agitators come to site delivering a water and cement slurry, and we then introduce specialty treated engineered surfactant into the slurry to produce Terefil®. It develops properties that make the material very suitable for backfilling of voids or pumping very long distances, as well as producing a lower density material,” Mr Kudrenko said.

However, for this project, the concrete batch plants were unable to supply the site with cement slurry. Supplying such a project with the quantities required overnight would negatively affect their day-to-day capabilities.

“So, in what was another small, technical triumph, we ended up utilising a volumetric mixer. That meant every single night we essentially had a mobile concrete batch plant, rather than agitators, on site,” Mr Kudrenko said.

“The Terefil® fills more volume with less cement, so it’s more cost-efficient and has a smaller carbon footprint. It’s aerated, so the final compressive strength is not as high as concrete, but the result is still much stronger than the surrounding soil, which the client required.”

Result: A Quality-Assured Finish

Not only did Mainmark enable the project to surge ahead without risk of ground collapse, it also boosted the client’s confidence in the result with a clear and measurable quality assurance process.

“Throughout the works, we had an inspection test plan that outlined conditions to be met. Every 20 minutes of each shift, we took density samples to ensure the ingredients for the Terefil® were at the correct levels. We constantly measured each ingredient, too,” Mr Kudrenko said.

“We had a live video feed of what was running through the grout line and into the sewer pipe so we could watch what was happening in real time. That also offered video footage as documentation of the material filling to the crown of the pipe.”

“We’d also regularly collected samples from the sewer pipe itself, after the Terefil® had been pumped in, to ensure what arrived in the pipe was the correct mix.”

During every shift the Mainmark team would collect test sample cylinders of the product being placed underground.

“Those samples were tested by an independent, third-party lab to prove that, after 28 days, the Terefil® had hardened to the specified strength,” Mr Kudrenko said.

The Mainmark team spent a great deal of time developing a methodology to ensure the work would be completed on time and within budget amidst the various technical, engineering, geological and community-based challenges.

Mr Kudrenko said it was a real testament to his team.

“During project meetings, our team was the only one that identified several aspects that others had overlooked. We pointed out that the methodologies initially proposed were not feasible, as they would have resulted in increased costs and exposure to project risk, instead reducing them.” Mr Kudrenko said.